OUTDOOR GAMES

 1. Cricket 🏏

Cricket is a bat and ball game  played between two teams of eleven players on a filed at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails  balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat (and running between the wickets), while the bowling  and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat and before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpire , aided by a third umpire and match referee  in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scoreswho record the match's statistical information 

Cricket
Eden Gardens under floodlights during a match.jpg
Eedens garden , India under floodlights during 2016 icc World T20 Final 
Highest governing Body  International cricket council
First played16th century; South-East England
Characteristics
ContactNo
Team members11 players per side (substitutes permitted in some circumstances)
Mixed genderYes, separate competitions
TypeTeam sportBat-and-Ball
EquipmentCricket ballCricket batWicket (StumpsBails), Various protective equipment
VenueCricket field
GlossaryGlossary of cricket terms
Presence
Country or regionWorldwide (most popular in Commonwealth, British territories, and especially in South Asia)
Olympic(1900 Summer Olympics only)                        
2. Football ⚽
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word football normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly called football include association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby union or rugby league); and Gaelic football.[1][2] These various forms of football share to varying extent common origins and are known as football codes.

Indian Football
Saltlake Stadium, Kolkata
There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, or prehistoric ball games played in many different parts of the world.Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification  of these games of school during the 19th century.[The expansion and cultural influence of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire. By the end of the 19th century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic Football , for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.In 1888, The football League  was founded in England, becoming the first of many professional football competitions. During the 20th century, several of the various kinds of football grew to become some of the most popular team sports in the world.

3. Kabbadi 
Kabaddi is a contact team sport.[1] Played between two teams of seven players, the objective of the game is for a single player on offence, referred to as a "raider", to run into the opposing team's half of a court, tag out as many of their defenders as possible, and return to their own half of the court, all without being tackled by the defenders, and in a single breath.[2] Points are scored for each player tagged by the raider, while the opposing team earns a point for stopping the raider. Players are taken out of the game if they are tagged or tackled, but are brought back in for each point scored by their team from a tag or tackle.

Kabaddi

Iran men's national kabaddi team 13970602000432636707284535394012 98208.jpg
A kabaddi match during the 2018 Asian Games
Highest governing body
International Kabaddi Federation
Nicknames
Kaudi, Pakaada, Ha-du-du, Bhavatik, Saadukuda, Hu-Tu-Tu, Himoshika
Characteristics
Contact
Full
Team members
7 (per side)
Mixed gender
No, there are separate competitions for male and female
Type
Team sport, Contact sport
Equipment
None
Venue
Kabaddi court
Presence
Country or region
Indian Subcontinent, Asia
Olympic
Demonstration sport: 1936 Olympics
It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularised as a competitive sport in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh. It is the state game of the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[3]

There are two major disciplines of kabaddi: "Punjabi kabaddi", also referred to as "circle style", comprises traditional forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, while the "standard style", played on a rectangular court indoors, is the discipline played in major professional leagues and international competitions such as the Asian Games.

The game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, such as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana; kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabadi or ha-du-du in Bangladesh; bhavatik in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the Punjab region; hu-tu-tu in Western India, hu-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu in South India; kapardi in Nepal; and kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu.[4]

4.Volleyball 🏐

Volleyball is a team sport  in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the summer Olympic Games since Tokiyo 1984

Volleyball
Algeria and Japan women's national volleyball team at the 2012 Summer Olympics (7913959028).jpg
Typical volleyball action.
Highest governing bodyFIVB
First played1895, Holyoke, MassachusettsUnited States
Characteristics
ContactNone
Team members6
Mixed genderSingle
TypeIndoor, beach, grass
EquipmentVolleyball
GlossaryGlossary of volleyball
Presence
Country or regionWorldwide (most popular in Europe and East Asia)
Olympic1964

The complete the set of rules  is extensive,but play essentially proceeds as follows: a player on one of the teams begins a 'rally' by serving the ball (tossing or releasing it and then hitting it with a hand or arm), from behind the back boundary line of the court, over the net, and into the receiving team's court. The receiving team must not let the ball be grounded within their court. The team may touch the ball up to 3 times, but individual players may not touch the ball twice consecutively.Typically, the first two touches are used to set up for an attack, an attempt to direct the ball back over the net in such a way that the serving team is unable to prevent it from being grounded in their court.

The rally continues, with each team allowed as many as three consecutive touches, until either (1): a team makes a kill, grounding the ball on the opponent's court and winning the rally; or (2): a team commits a fault and loses the rally. The team that wins the rally is awarded a point and serves the ball to start the next rally. A few of the most common faults include:

  • causing the ball to touch the ground or floor outside the opponents' court or without first passing over the net;
  • catching and throwing the ball;
  • double hit: two consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same player;
  • four consecutive contacts with the ball made by the same team;
  • net foul: touching the net during play;
  • foot fault: the foot crosses over the boundary line when serving.

The ball is usually played with the hands or arms, but players can legally strike or push (short contact) the ball with any part of the body.

A number of consistent techniques have evolved in volleyball, including spiking and blocking (because these plays are made above the top of the net, the vertical jump  is an athletic skill emphasized in the sport) as well as passingsetting, and specialized player positions and offensive and defensive structures.

5. HOCKEY 🏒

Hockey is a type of sport in which players try to get points by hitting mean object into the other team's goal with a stick. Others believe hockey came from the French word “hoquet” which means shepherd's stick. James Creighton, an engineer who learned how to play the game of hockey while living in Nova Scotia, is credited for bringing the game to a new level. He taught his friends at McGill University in Montreal how to play the game. There are three main ways that hockey is played.

  • Field hockey is played with a ball on grass or astrouf there are eleven players in each team . Field hockey is usually played outdoors, but there is indoor field hockey. Field hockey is played in the summer Olympic Games 
  • Ice hockey is played on ice.  Players on each team wear ice skates. They try to hit a small rubberdisc called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are up to 6 players on the ice at a time for each team. It can be played indoors or outdoors. Professionals play indoors in arenas. Ice hockey is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is played in the winter Olympics gamesThe modern game was invented in the mid-1850´s by British soldiers based in Canada. Rules were set by students at McGill University in Montréal, Canada, in 1879, and many amateur clubs and leagues were organized in Canada by the late 1880´s. The game is believed to have been 1st played in the USA in 1893.
  • Roller hockey is played on a roller hockey rink, usually inside. Players on each team wear roller sakts They try to hit a small plastic disk called a hockey puck into the other team's goal. There are 5 players on each team. There is no contact.
Field hockey
Ice hockey

Evidence exists that shows ancient Aztecs, Greeks and Romans played similar forms of the game. The modern game of field hockey came to fruition in the mid-19th century in Great Britain. The British army brought the game to its colonies, and the first international competition took place in 1895.


Sources:https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outdoor_recreation

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